Hardware
OS & Software Structure
Boot/Reboot
Shutdown
Booting Off Backup
Device Names
Where Is My Device?
What If My Device Is Missing?
Useful UNIX Commands
Useful Scripts
Important System Files
Components
Ultra10 CPU
128Mb RAM
2x 9Gb internal disks [SCSI id’s 0 & 1]
CD-ROM [SCSI id 2]
2 PCI-Ultra SCSI buses
PCI1: scsi@1
PCI2: scsi@2
Monitor
Keyboard & Mouse
18 Gb external wide-scsi disk [SCSI id 0]
DAT Tape Drive [SCSI id 4]
DLT Tape Drive [SCSI id 5]
Setup
PCI1 bus: 18Gb drive first then in any order DLT & DAT
PCI2 bus: reftek download cable
/dev – entries for the miscellaneous devices for general use
/devices – device nodes
/etc – system configuration files
/export/home – location of home directories
/opt – location of installed software packages
/opt/local – location of installed non-package software (including PASSCAL)
/var – spooling and other volatile files
At Powerup
The computer should go through a boot cycle during powerup. If you wish to change boot parameters during a powerup cycle, after the memory has been check type "stop-a" this should give you the prompt "ok". At this point you can use the "boot" command with or without options.
After a Halt or Shutdown
At the "ok" prompt use the "boot" command with or without options.
If you are in single user mode (e.g. after a "shutdown -s") use the "reboot" command with or without options to reinitialize in multi-user mode.
Shutdown
As superuser use the command "shutdown -i init-state" where init-stat is:
0 - Stop the operating system
s,S - single-user state. All user processes are stopped on transitions to this state. In the single-user state, file systems required for multi-user logins are unmounted and the system can only be accessed through the console. Logins requiring access to multi-user file systems cannot be used. Once in single-user state you can perform edit/system administration and then either "reboot" (see above) or "halt".
5 - Shut the machine down so that it is safe to remove the power. Have the machine remove power, if possible.
Halt
"halt" does not perform all of the shutdown procedures that the command "shutdown" does. If you use "halt", first use the command "sync" which updates the super block to insure file system integrity. After using "sync", the command "halt" can be used.
From the bootprom:
ok boot disk1
From single-user or active window:
<user> reboot -- disk1
sd - driver for SCSI disk and CD-ROM devices.
Links to links to device nodes are found in:
/dev/sd*
Links to device nodes are found in:
/dev/dsk/cn/tn/dn/sn for block files
/dev/rdsk/n/tn/dn/sn for raw files
where:
cn controller n
tn SCSI target id n (0-6)
dn SCSI LUN n (0-7)
sn partition n (0-7)
for example:
the external data disk:
/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s2 -> ../../devices/pci@1f,0/pci@1/scsi@1/sd@1,0:c
note here that the device node contains information on the location of the device.
scsi@1 ~ SCSI host adapter
sd@1:0:c ~ sd driver at SCSI id 1, logical unit 0, partition c
st - driver for SCSI tape devices.
Links to device nodes are found in:
/dev/rmt/N
where: N is the device number (note Nn indicates device N is no rewind. e.g. /dev/rmt/0n)
for example:
/dev/rmt/0 -> ../../devices/pci@1f,0/pci@1/scsi@1/st@4,0:
note: see sd drive notes above for information on device node.
Your computers should have the following configuration. If for some reason you can’t access or find a device see additional information below on how to recover your devices.
Shipped Configuration:
Primary boot device: /dev/[r]dsk/c0t0d0s0 (bootprom: disk0)
backup boot device: /dev/[r]dsk/c0t1d0s0 (bootprom: disk1)
CD-ROM: /dev/sr0
18 Gb data disk: /dev/[r]dsk/c1t0d0s2
DAT tape drive: /dev/rmt/0
DLT tape drive: /dev/rmt/1
Internal Disks and Devices
pci bus: pci@1
Device name: /dev/[r]dsk/c0tnd0sn
External Disks/Reftek/Transfer Disk/Removable Media Drives
SCSI bus: scsi@1 or scsi@1,1
Device name: /dev/[r]dsk/c1tnd0sn or /dev/[r]dsk/c1tnd0sn
Tape Drives
SCSI bus: scsi@1 or scsi@1,1
Device name: /dev/rmt/N
1) As always, is the device plugged in, turned on, connected to a SCSI port?
2) Are you using the correct device name?
For disk drive:
a) both df and format can be useful determining names of disks.
b) <user> ls -l /dev/sd*
determine which device your /dev/sd* entry points to
(e.g. /dev/sd5c -> dsk/c2t1d0s2)
c) <user> ls -l /dev/[r]dsk/c2t1d0s2
determine which device node this points to. Does it make sense?
For tape drive:
a) <user> ls -l /dev/rmt/*
determine which device node your /dev/rmt/* entry points to. Does it make
sense?
(e.g. /dev/rmt/0 -> ../../devices/pci@1f,0/pci@1/scsi@1/st@4,0:)
3) Try the following sequence of commands as superuser:
<root> drvconfig
<root> devlinks
<root> disks
<root> ports
<root> tapes
<root> audlinks
<root> ucblinks
Note: you only need to invoke disks, ports, tapes, or audlinks if you’ve added these devices
4) Reconfigure the kernel
a) From an active window or single user mode:
Method 1:
Method 2:
b) At startup:
After memory check type stop-a. At the ok prompt type boot -r.
c) From a shutdown state (i.e. at the ok prompt)
type boot -r
admintool – system administration with a graphical user interface
devlinks – adds /dev entries for miscellaneous devices and pseudo-devices
disks – adds /dev entries for hard disks attached to the system
dmesg – collect system diagnostic messages to form error log
drvconfig – configure the /devices directory
mount, umount – mount or unmount file systems and remote resources
mt – magnetic tape control
prtconf – print system configuration
prtvtoc – report information about a disk geometry and partitioning
sysdef – output system definition
tapes – adds /dev entries for tape drives attached to the system
tar – create tape archives and add or extract files
ucblinks – adds /dev entries to give SunOS 4.x compatible names to SunOS 5.x devices
/backup2disk.sh– ufsdumps from_disk to to_disk and creates boot blocks on to_disk (also in /etc/passcal)
/backup2tape.sh– ufsdumps from_disk to tape_device (also in /etc/passcal)
/etc/passcal/chghost.sh– allows user to change hostname
/etc/passcal/format.sh– script that partitions disks using fmthard
/etc/passcal/mkwindex.sh– create man page windex files base on $MANPATH
/etc/passcal/mvpostgres_data.sh – script to move location of postgres data directory (also in /export/home/field)
/etc/passcal/netmode.sh– switches between no-networking and NMT/OTHER network settings
/etc/passcal/setip.sh – allows user to change host IP
user files
/etc/group – file with group definitions and user affiliations
/etc/passwd – file defining users
/etc/shadow – location of encrypted passwords
network files
/etc/defaultdomain – file defining local domain
/etc/defaultrouter – file defining first hop in network connectivity
/etc/hosts – contains computer IP and name. also first stop for domain name search
/etc/netmasks – file defining network mask
/etc/nsswitch.conf – defines how computer will resolve domain names
device files
/etc/dfs/dfstab – defines files systems exported for cross mounting on other computers
/etc/minor_perm – defines default permissions and ownership for device drivers
/etc/vfstab – mount tables
/kernel/drv/st.conf – tape driver configuration file
/kernel/drv/sd.conf – disk driver configuration file
boot files
/etc/rc*.d – directories containing boot (S) and shutdown (K) scripts. * indicate init state.